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Foreign Trade English · Working Reference

外贸英语全流程速查表

按真实成交顺序编排:从收到第一封询盘,到收回最后一笔尾款。十个阶段,每个阶段一组核心词、几句直接能抄的句子,外加一条最容易踩的坑。

01 询盘→02 报价→03 还盘→04 下单→05 付款→06 生产验货→07 出运→08 单证→09 收汇→10 索赔
10 阶段 约 290 核心词 45 必背句 3 附录 A4 可直接打印

How to use

怎么用这张表

Step 01

先背句子,再背单词。单词脱离场景记不住,句子记熟了词自然就带出来了。每个阶段的「必背句」先抄三遍。

Step 02

用自己公司的产品练习。把例句里的 ___ 换成你实际在卖的东西,这句话才真正属于你。

Step 03

遮住中文自测。打印后把右栏折起来,看英文说中文;反过来再遮英文,看中文写英文。

Step 04

四周走完一轮。第 1 周 01–04,第 2 周 05–07,第 3 周 08–10,第 4 周专攻附录 C 的邮件模板,每天写一封完整的。

01

询盘

Inquiry & Sourcing
核心词汇
  • inquiry / enquiry询盘
  • general inquiry一般询盘
  • specific inquiry具体询盘
  • sourcing寻源采购
  • catalogue / brochure产品目录 / 宣传册
  • price list价目表
  • specification (spec)规格
  • original sample原样
  • counter sample回样 / 对等样品
  • MOQ最小起订量
  • lead time交货周期
  • target price目标价
  • annual volume年采购量
  • trade reference商业资信证明人
必背句
  1. We are interested in your range of ___ and should be glad to receive your latest catalogue and price list.

    我们对贵司的 ___ 系列感兴趣,请惠寄最新目录与价目表。

  2. Could you please quote us your best price for ___ on FOB Shanghai basis?

    能否按上海港 FOB 报 ___ 的最优价?

  3. We would appreciate your sending us a sample for our evaluation.

    请寄样品供我方评估。

  4. Please advise your MOQ and lead time for this item.

    请告知此款的最小起订量与交货周期。

02

报价

Quotation & Offer
核心词汇
  • quotation报价(参考性)
  • offer报盘(有约束力)
  • firm offer实盘
  • offer without engagement虚盘
  • validity有效期
  • unit price单价
  • price terms价格条件
  • Incoterms国际贸易术语通则
  • commission佣金
  • discount / rebate折扣 / 返利
  • net price净价
  • quantity discount数量折扣
  • subject to prior sale以先售出为准
  • subject to final confirmation以最终确认为准
必背句
  1. All prices are quoted on FOB Shanghai basis, subject to our final confirmation.

    所有报价均以上海港 FOB 为基准,以我方最终确认为准。

  2. This offer is firm, subject to your reply reaching us before March 31.

    本报盘为实盘,以你方回复于 3 月 31 日前抵达我方为准。

  3. Our price is based on a quantity of 1,000 pcs; for smaller quantities a surcharge of 10% applies.

    此价基于 1000 件起订,低于此数量需加收 10%。

  4. We can allow you a 3% commission on this order.

    本单我方可给你 3% 佣金。

03

还盘与谈判

Counter-offer & Negotiation
核心词汇
  • counter-offer还盘
  • concession让步
  • rock-bottom price底价
  • competitive price有竞争力的价
  • workable price可成交的价
  • margin利润空间
  • meet halfway各让一半
  • split the difference折中
  • in line with the market与行情一致
  • prevailing market price现行市价
  • on par with与……相当
  • take into consideration予以考虑
必背句
  1. We regret that we cannot accept your counter-offer; our price leaves us almost no margin.

    很遗憾无法接受贵方还盘,此价我方几乎没有利润。

  2. If you could increase the quantity to 5,000 pcs, we could meet you halfway at USD 3.20.

    若数量能提到 5000 件,我方可让至 3.20 美元。

  3. Our price is already closely in line with the prevailing market level.

    我方价格已与现行市价相当接近。

  4. This is our rock-bottom price; we cannot make any further concession.

    这是我方底价,无法再让。

04

下单

Order Placement
核心词汇
  • place an order with sb for sth向某人订购某物
  • trial order试订单
  • repeat order返单
  • bulk order大货订单
  • PO采购订单
  • S/C销售合同
  • P/I形式发票
  • order confirmation订单确认书
  • article number (Art. No.)货号
  • SKU单品编码
  • in duplicate一式两份
  • delivery date交货日期
必背句
  1. We are pleased to place an order with you for 5,000 pcs of Art. No. A-102.

    兹向贵司订购货号 A-102 共 5000 件。

  2. Please find enclosed our PO No. 2026-0318 in duplicate; kindly sign and return one copy.

    随附我方采购订单 2026-0318 一式两份,请签回一份。

  3. We confirm acceptance of your order on the terms stated in our P/I.

    我方确认按形式发票所列条款接受贵方订单。

  4. Shipment is to be effected not later than June 30.

    装运不得晚于 6 月 30 日。

05

付款

Payment Terms
核心词汇
  • T/T电汇
  • L/C信用证
  • at sight L/C即期信用证
  • usance L/C远期信用证
  • irrevocable L/C不可撤销信用证
  • confirmed L/C保兑信用证
  • applicant开证申请人
  • beneficiary受益人
  • issuing bank开证行
  • advising bank通知行
  • negotiating bank议付行
  • D/P付款交单
  • D/A承兑交单
  • O/A赊销
  • deposit / down payment定金
  • balance余款
  • discrepancy不符点
  • amend the L/C改证
必背句
  1. Our usual terms of payment are 30% T/T in advance, balance against copy of B/L.

    我方惯常付款方式为 30% 预付电汇,余款见提单副本支付。

  2. We have opened an irrevocable L/C at sight in your favour through Bank of China.

    我方已通过中国银行开立以贵司为受益人的不可撤销即期信用证。

  3. Please amend the L/C to allow transhipment and partial shipment.

    请将信用证修改为允许转运和分批装运。

06

生产与验货

Production & Inspection
核心词汇
  • production schedule生产排期
  • capacity产能
  • mass production大货生产
  • QC / QA质检 / 质量保证
  • pre-production sample产前样
  • top sample封样
  • third-party inspection第三方验货
  • PSI装运前检验
  • AQL允收质量水平
  • inspection certificate检验证书
  • defective / faulty有缺陷的
  • defect rate不良率
  • workmanship工艺
  • tolerance公差
必背句
  1. We would like to arrange a third-party inspection before shipment.

    我方希望在装运前安排第三方验货。

  2. The AQL is 2.5 for major defects and 4.0 for minor defects.

    严重缺陷 AQL 2.5,轻微缺陷 AQL 4.0。

  3. Please confirm the pre-production sample before we start mass production.

    请在大货投产前确认产前样。

07

出运

Shipment & Logistics
核心词汇
  • effect shipment办理装运
  • book shipping space订舱
  • freight forwarder货运代理
  • carrier承运人
  • FCL / LCL整箱 / 拼箱
  • CY / CFS集装箱堆场 / 货运站
  • ETD / ETA预计开船 / 到港
  • shipping mark唛头
  • port of loading / discharge装运港 / 卸货港
  • transhipment转运
  • partial shipment分批装运
  • demurrage滞期费
  • despatch money速遣费
  • freight prepaid / collect运费预付 / 到付
  • shipping advice装运通知
必背句
  1. We are pleased to advise that the goods have been shipped on board M/V "___" on May 12.

    兹通知货物已于 5 月 12 日装「___」轮。

  2. Please book shipping space for 1 × 20' FCL, ETD Shanghai June 5.

    请订 1 个 20 尺整箱,预计 6 月 5 日上海开船。

  3. Enclosed please find the shipping documents covering your Order No. 2026-0318.

    随附订单 2026-0318 项下全套装运单据。

08

单证

Shipping Documents
核心词汇
  • B/L提单
  • AWB空运单
  • original B/L正本提单
  • telex release电放
  • surrendered B/L电放提单
  • C/I商业发票
  • P/L装箱单
  • C/O原产地证
  • Form A / Form E普惠制 / 中国-东盟产地证
  • insurance policy保险单
  • B/E汇票
  • S/O / D/O装货单 / 提货单
  • full set of documents全套单据
  • consignee收货人
必背句
  1. The full set of documents consists of 3 original B/L, commercial invoice, packing list and C/O.

    全套单据包括三份正本提单、商业发票、装箱单及原产地证。

  2. Please release the goods against our telex release.

    请凭我方电放放货。

  3. We found two discrepancies in the documents presented; please amend and resubmit.

    所交单据存在两处不符点,请修改后重新提交。

09

收汇与售后

Settlement & After-sales
核心词汇
  • settlement结算
  • proceeds货款
  • remit / remittance汇出 / 汇款
  • payment advice付款通知
  • banking charges银行费用
  • follow up跟进
  • after-sales service售后服务
  • warranty保修
  • spare parts备件
  • feedback反馈
  • repeat business回头生意
必背句
  1. We have received your remittance of USD 12,000 and thank you for your prompt payment.

    已收到贵方 12,000 美元汇款,感谢及时付款。

  2. Please note that banking charges outside China are for your account.

    请注意,中国境外银行费用由贵方承担。

  3. We hope this is the beginning of a long and mutually beneficial relationship.

    愿这是长期互利合作的开端。

10

索赔与纠纷

Claims & Disputes
核心词汇
  • claim索赔
  • lodge / file a claim提出索赔
  • compensation赔偿
  • liability责任
  • indemnity补偿
  • breach of contract违约
  • force majeure不可抗力
  • short delivery短交
  • short-landed短卸
  • survey report检验报告
  • arbitration仲裁
  • conciliation调解
必背句
  1. We have to lodge a claim against you for short delivery of 200 pcs.

    因短交 200 件,我方不得不向贵方提出索赔。

  2. Please let us have your comments on our claim within 15 days.

    请于 15 日内对我方索赔予以答复。

  3. The damage was caused by rough handling in transit, for which the carrier is liable.

    损坏系运输途中粗暴装卸所致,责任在承运人。

  4. Any dispute arising from this contract shall be submitted to arbitration in Shanghai.

    本合同项下争议提交上海仲裁。

Appendix A

Incoterms 2020 贸易术语
术语中文风险转移点运输方式
EXW工厂交货货物在卖方场所交由买方处置时任何方式
FCA货交承运人卖方在指定地点将货交给承运人时任何方式
FAS装运港船边交货货物置于船边时海运 / 内河
FOB装运港船上交货货物装上船时 (最常用)海运 / 内河
CFR成本加运费货物装上船时(运费付至目的港)海运 / 内河
CIF成本保险费加运费货物装上船时(运费+保险付至目的港)海运 / 内河
CPT运费付至货交第一承运人时任何方式
CIP运费保险费付至货交第一承运人时任何方式
DAP目的地交货货到指定目的地、尚未卸货时任何方式
DPU卸货地交货货到目的地并完成卸货时任何方式
DDP完税后交货货到目的地、完成进口清关缴税后任何方式

Appendix B

缩写速查

Appendix C

全流程邮件骨架
场景开头主体收尾
回复询盘 Thank you for your inquiry dated May 6. We are pleased to quote as follows: … Our MOQ is 1,000 pcs with a lead time of 30 days. This quotation is valid for 30 days.
正式报盘 In reply to your inquiry, we offer firm as follows: Commodity / Quantity / Unit price / Shipment / Payment Subject to your reply reaching us before ___.
拒绝还盘 We thank you for your counter-offer of May 9. We regret that it is too low to be acceptable; our margin is already razor-thin. However, for 5,000 pcs we could meet you halfway.
确认订单 We are pleased to confirm your order No. ___ . Details as per our P/I No. ___ enclosed in duplicate. Please sign and return one copy for our file.
催款 Re: Order No. ___, payment overdue Our records show the balance of USD ___ remains outstanding. We should be grateful for your remittance at your earliest convenience.
处理投诉 We are sorry to learn of the problem with your shipment. We have arranged for a replacement / credit note to be issued. Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience caused.

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